he робот зір система is generally composed of optical systems (light sources, lenses, industrial cameras), image acquisition units, image processing units, execution mechanisms, and human-machine interface modules. The Simplest machine vision system includes visual imaging, image processing, and operation control parts.
1. Візуальний Зображення частина
Візуальний зображення також включає кілька типових компонент: світло джерело, lens, and industrial camera.
Обидва світло джерела і об'єктиви вимагати нас до майстра оптичних знань. Різні освітлення методи можуть увімкнути камера до добувати повністю різні зображення з об'єктів; The виділення of lens збільшення, focal length, field of view, etc. directly determines the fidelity of the imaging. For a machine vision engineer, mastering how to choose a lens, how to choose a light source, and how to determine the lighting method are найбільш базові навички.
Industrial cameras require us to master the knowledge of optoelectronics, the differences between camera sensors, and the basic knowledge of image imaging, such as clarity, dynamic range, field of view angle, etc., so that we can choose the correct camera based on needs and scenes. The fastest way to master this knowledge is to buy an entry-level DSLR to study the relationship between these imaging parameters and imaging.
2. Зображення обробка розділ
Image processing is generally underunderstanded to be carried out on PC machines, but in fact, in the industrial field, most industrial control computers are use because of their stability and cost advantage.
З розробкою з останні роками, вбудованими апаратними is також booming. Many factories can use Open-source hardware such as raspberry pie to achieve small need such as controlling the switches and status monitoring of hundreds of instrument panels.
Для початківців, priority can be given to mastering the development of PC and X86} platforms, which can be extended to embedded platforms after familiarity.
In the software part, most application layers are implemented using C #,. net, QT, and C plus plus , so mastering one of these programming languages is essential; At the level of image algorithms, typical open source algorithms include OpenCV, while commercial ones include Halcon, VisionPro, etc. It is recommended to start with Halcon as a starting point; If you want to next delve into algorithm level, you can study machine learning, which may be the main direction in the the future.
In terms of theory, it is more important to master the basic concepts of image processing.
3. Рух керування частина
A typical motion control card, such as Gugao, can be studyed first. A more advanced PLC can also be played, but the difficulty in this part lies in the correction of accuracy, as many scenarios and requirements require high precision.
In addition to the above three points, the construction ability of the overall plan is crucial тому що the plan need to connect these parts together and be able to connect with real scenarios to meet the factual production automation need.
The construction ability of the overall plan depends on a deep understanding of the production process, the connection between all components, and the relationships; both of these require the accumulation of experience from multiple projects in order to provide a good solution.